System and methods for null steering in a multicarrier system

ABSTRACT

A system and methods for cancelling spatial interference associated with an original multi-carrier signal carrying at least one data transmission sent by a transmitter to an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennae and having a receiver operatively associated therewith, the system receiving a plurality of received signals respectively including interference and the original signal as received by a respective individual antenna from among the plurality of antennae, the system comprising a spatial nulling device for generating a cleaner signal by reducing at least one spatial component of the interference; and a signal manipulator operative to manipulate a derivative of the received signal so as to cause the at least one data transmission to be more concentrated in a subset of frequency bands in which the spatial nulling device is more effective and to be less concentrated in frequency bands which do not belong to the subset of frequency bands.

REFERENCE TO CO-PENDING APPLICATIONS

Priority is claimed from Israeli application No. 206417, entitled“System and Methods for Null Steering In a Multicarrier System” as filedon Jun. 16, 2010.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to multicarrier communicationsystems and more particularly to coping with interference inmulticarrier communication systems.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Conventional technology pertaining to certain embodiments of the presentinvention is described in the following publications inter alia:

-   Spatial Array Processing, Murat Torlak, The University of Texas at    Austin, available on the World Wide Web-   An Overview of Adaptive Antenna Systems, Hafeth Hourani, Helsinki    University of Technology, available on the World Wide Web-   An Overview of Adaptive Antenna Technologies For Wireless    Communications, Chris Loadman, Dr. Zhizhang Chen & Dylan Jorgensen,    Dalhousie University, available on the World Wide Web-   Optimal MIMO Transmission Schemes with Adaptive Antenna Combining in    the RF Path, Santamaria et al., European signal processing    conference 2008, available on the World Wide Web-   Smart Antenna Design for Wireless Communication using Adaptive    Beamforming Approach, Susmita Das, National Institute of Technology,    Rourkela, India, available on the World Wide Web-   An Examination of the Processing Complexity of an Adaptive Antenna    System for WiMAX, Li et al., DSPEnabledRadio Conference, 2005,    available on the World Wide Web-   U.S. Pat. No. 5,363,111 to Murphy, entitled “Apparatus and method    for spatial nulling of interfering signals”-   Adaptive Antenna Systems, Widrow et al., IEEE proceedings, 1967,    available on the World Wide Web-   3GPP TS 36.300—Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)    and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN);    Overall description; Stage 2, available on the World Wide Web-   3GPP TS 36.302—Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);    Services provided by the physical layer, available on the World Wide    Web-   Imposing pattern nulls on broadband array responses, Peter    Kootsookos et al., Journal Acoustical Society of America, 105 (6),    June 1999-   Digital Beamforming in Wireless Communications, John Litva and Titus    Kwok-Yeung Lo, Artech House, 1996-   Smart Antennas, Lal Chand Godara, CRC Press, 2004-   Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications, Frank Gross,    McGraw-Hill, 2005-   WiMAX Technologies, Performance analysis, and QoS, Syed Ahson and    Mohammad Ilyas, CRC Press, 2008-   “Null-steering LMS Dual-Polarised Adaptive Antenna Arrays for    GPS”, W. C. Cheuk, M. Trinkle & D. A. Gray, Journal of Global    Positioning Systems (2005), Vol. 4, No. 1-2: 258-267

The disclosures of all publications and patent documents mentioned inthe specification, and of the publications and patent documents citedtherein directly or indirectly, are hereby incorporated by reference.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Spatial nulling and spatial interference cancellation is a known subjectin the field of communications. The basics of these techniques is usingmultiple antennas (antenna array) at the receiver, and combining thesignals from the antennas in a way that some optimization criteria areachieved. For example, criteria may minimize the received energy fromspatial directions of interferers (one or more) while maintaining aproper received energy of the desired signal. Some other criteria maymaximize the ratio of the desired signal energy to the energy of thereceived interferers.

Prior art FIG. 1 illustrates the conventional method for such spatialinterference cancellers which is well known from the prior art and aptlyillustrated, for example, in FIG. 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,363,111.Conventional spatial nulling is described inter alia in the followingpublications:

-   Null-steering LMS Dual-Polarised Adaptive Antenna Arrays for GPS, W    C Cheuk, M Trinkle & D A Gray, Journal of Global Positioning Systems    (2005), Vol. 4, No. 1-2: 258-267, particularly FIG. 1-   An Overview of Adaptive Antenna Systems, Hafeth Hourani, Helsinki    University of Technology—particularly FIG. 1+FIG. 2-   An Overview of Adaptive Antenna Technologies For Wireless    Communications, Chris Loadman, Dr. Zhizhang Chen & Dylan Jorgensen,    Dalhousie University—particularly FIG. 1-   Smart Antenna Design for Wireless Communication using Adaptive    Beamforming Approach, Susmita Das, National Institute of Technology,    Rourkela, India—particularly FIG. 1-   Digital Beamforming in Wireless Communications, John Litva and Titus    Kwok-Yeung Lo, Artech House—particularly chapter 2+FIG. 2.16-   Smart Antennas, Lal Chand Godara, CRC Press—chapter 2, especially    section 2.3, and FIG. 2.1,-   Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications, Frank Gross,    McGraw-Hill, especially chapter 1 FIG. 1.1, —section 8.3.1+FIG. 8.2,    section 8.4.

A desired signal 112, coming from a particular spatial direction, isreceived by an antenna array 102. One or more interfering signals 110,coming from various other spatial directions, are also received by theantenna array 102. The antenna array comprises two or more antennas,each of them receiving the superposition of the desired signal and theinterfering signal(s). Generally, having more antennas in the antennaarray enhances the performance of the method, and enables thecancellation of more interferers. The received signals from the antennaarray are then fed into spatial nulling means 104, which combines theminto a single signal using some combining method. The combining methodmay be implemented by analog means or by digital means. The combiningmethod applies either relative delay, gain or phase to the varioussignals prior to the combining. The combined signal is then fed into thereceiver 106. Receiver 106 may be, for example, a demodulator for thedesired signal 112. The spatial nulling means 104 may, for example,minimize the energy received from a specific spatial direction. This iscalled “Spatial Nulling”, or “Null Steering”.

Optionally, desired signal 112 comprises a plurality of desired signals,each coming from a particular spatial direction. For example, in amulti-user communication system a plurality of desired signals aretransmitted by a plurality of users, to be received by receiver 106.

Prior art FIG. 2 illustrates some known in the art embodiments of thespatial nulling means 104. Each antenna 140 in antenna array 102 isfirst fed into an RF front end 142. The RF front end may comprise aLow-Noise-Amplifier (LNA), and may optionally comprise down-convertor.The signals from the RF front end are then fed into a weightscomputation 146, which implements the chosen combining method. Theweights computation unit 146 computes and generates complex weights 150,one per antenna. The signals from the RF front end 142 and theappropriate weights 150 are then multiplied by multiplier 144, andsummed by the combiner 148 to a single signal. This method of complexweights multiplication may be implemented either in RF (RadioFrequency), IF (Intermediate Frequency) or Baseband.

Prior art FIG. 3A illustrates an example of the spatial gain pattern ofthe combined signal. The graph shape and values depend on the computedweights, the number of antennas, and the antenna characteristics, and isgiven here only as an example. In this example, a spatial null of about30 dB is achieved at the direction (angle) of about 0 degrees, while atdirections far from the null by 10 degrees or more, desired signals arereceived with a ripple of 5 dB. FIG. 3B illustrates an example of twospatial nulls, at −60 degrees and at about 22 degrees, for thesuppression of two interferers.

Prior art FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrates the gain pattern for a singlefrequency. In other frequencies, the null depth and the gain pattern ingeneral, change. For a wideband signal, such as used by modern digitalcommunications, this may be a problem.

Prior art FIG. 4 illustrates an example of the combined signal frequencyresponse 160 of the example in FIG. 3A, at the spatial angle of 0degrees. In this example, a bandwidth of 100 MHz centered at 1 GHz isconsidered. At the spatial angle of 0 degrees, which is the designednull direction, some frequencies of the interferer signal are suppressedby more than 50 dB, while other frequencies of the interferer aresuppressed only by 25 dB, which might not be enough in some scenarios.This example demonstrates the difficulties and the problems intraditional spatial nulling means for a wideband signal.

A multicarrier communication system is a system that uses a widebanddigital modulated multicarrier signal for transmission. The bandwidth(of frequencies) is divided into multiple carriers, each of themcarrying a digital modulated transmission. Some specific techniques ofmulticarrier communication are OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing) and OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access).Some examples of communication standards that use multicarriertechniques are WiMAX, LTE, WiFi and many more. FIG. 11A illustrates amulticarrier signal 300.

In a multicarrier receiver, one known method for spatial interferencecancellation is performing the method shown in prior art FIG. 2, but foreach carrier independently. This is known as “post-FFT” technique. Thereceiver 106 gets the signals directly from the antennas 140, andperforms a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on each of them, separating thesignals to a group of carriers. Then, spatial nulling is appliedindependently for each of the carriers. For each carrier, weights arecomputed and the appropriate signals from the antennas are combinedusing these weights. This method shows good performances, and solves theproblem of the wideband frequency response of the null, but has somedisadvantages. First, the complexity of the spatial nulling means isvery high, because it is done separately on each carrier (for example,2048 carriers is a typical value). Secondly, it involves adding thespatial nulling means inside the receiver or demodulator. Many timesthis is not possible because the receiver or demodulator is a closedelement which cannot be modified, or can only be modified in a verycostly fashion.

Conventionally, data transmission allocations are usually mastered by ascheduler e.g. in the above referenced publication entitled “WiMAXTechnologies Performance Analysis and QoS”, particularly in chapter 9,and in both 3GPP standards referenced above, regarding a Scheduler inLTE Standard residing at one side of the communication system (either atthe local side of the receiver, or at the remote side of thetransmitter). The scheduler determines and allocates carrier frequenciesfor the use of the data transmissions, i.e. it determines onto whichfrequencies (carriers) the data will be transmitted. The scheduler'soperational method takes into consideration, amongst other criteria, thechannel quality over the various frequencies. Optionally, thescheduler's operational method also determines how much data will betransmitted over each of the carriers, i.e. how many bits per symbolwill be transmitted over each carrier. The latter is commonly referredto as the “Bit Loading” or “Bit Allocation” method. In the case of amulti-user system, the scheduler also takes into consideration thethroughput requirements and the QoS (Quality of Service) of each user,and the specific channel quality over various frequencies for each user.

Certain embodiments of the present invention seek to provide a methodfor enabling the usage of spatial nulling means and of weighted antennasummation for a wideband multicarrier communication signals, by applyinga frequency-selective signal manipulator before the spatial nullingmeans.

Certain embodiments of the present invention seek to provide a frequencyselective signal manipulator as a programmable multi-band BPF.

Certain embodiments of the present invention seek to provide a frequencyselective signal manipulator as a programmable multi-band band-limitednoise injectors.

Certain embodiments of the present invention seek to provide a frequencyselective signal manipulator being configured/adjusted according to thedesigned nulling characteristics, as designed by the nulling means.

Certain embodiments of the present invention seek to provide a frequencyselective signal manipulator being configured/adjusted according to theactual nulling characteristics, as measured at the output of the nullingmeans, typically without modifications to a standard receiver.

Certain embodiments of the present invention seek to provide a methodfor enabling the usage of spatial nulling means and of weighted antennasummation for wideband multicarrier communication signals, by reservingan empty region within the frame (this is done by appropriateconfiguration applied to the system scheduler), in which the spatialnulling methods could adapt. The empty region is typically dynamicallyallocated according to measured interferers' level.

Certain embodiments of the present invention seek to provide a methodfor detection of the empty region by analyzing the received signal fromthe antennas and/or by analyzing the signal emerging from the spatialnulling means. Empty region detection may be performed by the receivervia a suitable interface. In WiMAX applications, an empty region can beconfigured an empty zone. In LTE applications, an empty region can beconfigured on an empty RB (Resource Block).

There is thus provided, in accordance with at least one embodiment ofthe present invention, a system for cancelling spatial interferenceassociated with an original multi-carrier signal carrying at least onedata transmission sent by a transmitter to an antenna array comprising aplurality of antennae and having a receiver operatively associatedtherewith, the system receiving a plurality of received signalsrespectively including the interference and the original signal asreceived by a respective individual antenna from among the plurality ofantennae, the system comprising a spatial nulling device for generatinga cleaner signal by reducing at least one spatial component of theinterference; and a signal manipulator operative to manipulate aderivative of the received signal so as to cause the at least one datatransmission to be more concentrated in a subset of frequency bands inwhich the spatial nulling device is more effective and to be lessconcentrated in frequency bands which do not belong to the subset offrequency bands.

The spatial interference may be generated by one or typically moreinterference sources. The derivative of the received signal may forexample be the received signal itself. Signal manipulation may occurafter spatial nulling.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the system also comprises an antenna array.

Still further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the signal manipulator comprises a programmable band passfilter device which filters a signal to be filtered derived from asignal received by at least one of the antennae so as to pass at leastone frequency band inside the subset and to block at least one frequencyband outside the subset.

The signal to be filtered derived from an individual signal received byan individual antenna may, according to one embodiment, be theindividual signal itself.

The band pass filter device typically but not necessarily comprises anarray of band pass filters including a plurality of band pass filterscorresponding in number to the plurality of antennae.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the spatial nulling device includes a dynamic weightedantenna summation functionality operative to dynamically compute aweighted sum of signals received by the plurality of antennae whereinthe weighting is performed in accordance with a plurality of weightingcoefficients corresponding in number to the plurality of antennae andselected to reduce at least one spatial component of the received signalwhich includes interference.

Still further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, each band pass filter has dynamically computed filtercoefficients and wherein the signal manipulator also comprises a filtercoefficient computer operative to dynamically compute the filtercoefficients.

Additionally in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the spatial nulling device includes a weighted antennasummation functionality operative to compute a weighted sum of signalsreceived by the plurality of antennae wherein the weighting is performedin accordance with a plurality of weighting coefficients correspondingin number to the plurality of antennae, and wherein the filtercoefficient computer is operative to use the plurality of weightingcoefficients to dynamically compute the filter coefficients.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the signal manipulator comprises an array of programmableband limited noise injectors including a plurality of programmable bandlimited noise injectors corresponding in number to the plurality ofantennae, wherein each noise injector adds noise to the signal receivedfrom the antenna corresponding to the noise injector, such that noise isadded only to frequency bands outside the subset and not to frequencybands inside the subset.

Still further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the noise comprises white Gaussian noise.

It is appreciated that a single noise generator may be provided to feedthe same noise to all injectors in the array. Alternatively, a separatenoise generated may feed each of the injectors in the array.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the signal manipulator comprises an array of programmableband pass filters including a plurality of band pass filterscorresponding in number to the plurality of antennae and wherein eachindividual band pass filter filters the signal received from the antennacorresponding to the individual band pass filter so as to pass allfrequency bands inside the subset and to block all frequency bandsoutside the subset.

Still further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the signal manipulator receives information indicative of thecleaner signal and operates in accordance therewith.

Additionally in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the information indicative of the cleaner signal comprisesthe cleaner signal itself.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the information indicative of the cleaner signal comprises aresult of spectral analysis performed on the cleaner signal.

Still further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the signal manipulator determines the subset at least partlybased on the information indicative of the cleaner signal.

Additionally in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the signal manipulator determines the subset at least partlybased on at least a portion of the plurality of weighting coefficients.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the signal manipulator receives signals from the antennaarray and feeds signal to the spatial nulling device and wherein theprogrammable band pass filter device comprises a plurality of band passfilters corresponding in number to the plurality of antennae and whereinthe programmable band pass filter device comprises an array ofprogrammable band pass filters including a plurality of band passfilters corresponding in number to the plurality of antennae and whereineach individual band pass filter filters the signal received from theantenna corresponding to the individual band pass filter so as to passat least one frequency band inside the subset and to block at least onefrequency band outside the subset.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the spatial nulling device receives signals from the antennaarray and feeds signal to the signal manipulator and wherein the signalto be filtered comprises an output signal generated by the spatialnulling device.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the signal manipulator performs at least onefrequency-dependent operation on the signal.

Still further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the signal comprises a communication signal.

Additionally in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the signal comprises a wideband signal.

Also provided, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, in a multi-carrier communication system including a receiver,at least one transmitter transmitting a multi-carrier signal to thereceiver, an interference canceller for cancelling spatial interferenceand a scheduler which is operative, for each individual time frame alonga temporal axis, to allocate to various data transmissions, respectiveportions of a time-frequency region defined over the individual timeframe, the multi-carrier signal defining a multiplicity of carrierstogether spanning a frequency band, is a method for adapting theinterference canceller to the interference, the method comprising usingthe scheduler to reserve at least one empty sub-region within thetime-frequency region by allocating only portions external to thesub-region to each of the data transmissions; and configuring theinterference canceller by deriving, from signal content in the emptysub-region, at least one interference-dependent parameter of theinterference canceller's operation.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the empty sub-region includes the entire frequency band andonly a portion of the time frame.

Still further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the empty sub-region includes only a portion of the frequencyband and only a portion of the time frame.

Additionally in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the empty sub-region includes only a portion of the frequencyband and the entire time frame.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the using the scheduler comprises configuring the schedulerto reserve the at least one empty sub-region by allocating only theportions external to the sub-region to each of the data transmissions.

Still further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, using the scheduler comprises generating a request to thescheduler for allocation of a sub-region within the time-frequencyregion to an auxiliary transmitter; employing the scheduler to accede tothe request by allocating at least one individual sub-region to theauxiliary transmitter; and refraining from transmitting within theindividual sub-region.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, no auxiliary transmitter is provided and the request to thescheduler for allocation to an auxiliary transmitter comprises asimulated request.

Still further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the receiver is located at a first location and wherein themethod also comprises providing the auxiliary transmitter at a secondlocation which differs from the first location.

Additionally in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the method also comprises providing the auxiliary transmitterco-located with the receiver.

Also provided, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, is a method for cancelling spatial interference associatedwith an original multi-carrier signal carrying at least one datatransmission sent by a transmitter to an antenna array comprising aplurality of antennae and having a receiver operatively associatedtherewith, the system receiving a plurality of received signalsrespectively including the interference and the original signal asreceived by a respective individual antenna from among the plurality ofantennae, the system comprising using a spatial nulling device forgenerating a cleaner signal by reducing at least one spatial componentof the interference; and manipulating a derivative of the receivedsignal so as to cause the at least one data transmission to be moreconcentrated in a subset of frequency bands in which the spatial nullingdevice is more effective and to be less concentrated in frequency bandswhich do not belong to the subset of frequency bands.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the method also comprises providing a scheduler which isoperative, for each individual time frame along a temporal axis, toallocate to the at least one data transmission, at least one respectiveportion of a time-frequency region defined over the individual timeframe; and adapting the spatial nulling device to the interference, theadapting comprising using the scheduler to reserve at least one emptysub-region within the time-frequency region by allocating only at leastone portion external to the sub-region to the at least one datatransmission, rather than allocating any portion disposed internally ofthe sub-region to the at least one data transmission; and configuringthe spatial nulling device by deriving, from signal content in the emptysub-region, at least one interference-dependent parameter of the spatialnulling device's operation.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the manipulating includes manipulating the received signal tocause the transmitter-receiver communications to be allocated only to asubset of frequency bands in which the spatial nulling device answers toa predetermined effectiveness criterion.

Still further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the manipulating includes manipulating the received signal tocause the transmitter-receiver communications to be allocated only to asubset of frequency bands in which the spatial nulling device answers toa predetermined effectiveness criterion.

Additionally in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the request to the scheduler is generated by the auxiliarytransmitter.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the multi-carrier communication system comprises a multi-usercommunication system.

Still further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the configuring the interference canceller also comprisesproviding an empty region detector which triggers the interferencecanceller upon detection of the sub-region.

Additionally in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, each noise injector has dynamically configurable noiseparameters and wherein the signal manipulator also comprises a noiseparameter computer operative to dynamically compute the noiseparameters.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the configurable noise parameters define frequency bands ofthe noise.

Additionally in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the spatial nulling device includes a weighted antennasummation functionality operative to compute a weighted sum of signalsreceived by the plurality of antennae wherein the weighting is performedin accordance with a plurality of weighting coefficients correspondingin number to the plurality of antennae, and wherein the noise parameterscomputer is operative to use the plurality of weighting coefficients todynamically compute the noise parameters.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, using the scheduler includes using the signal manipulator tomanipulate the received signal so as to prevent the scheduler fromallocating the empty sub-region to any of the data transmissions.

It is appreciated that embodiments of the invention are typically moreuseful to the extent that the signal is a wideband signal.

Cancelling spatial interference typically involves reduction of spatialinterference rather than total elimination thereof.

Also provided, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, in a multi-carrier communication system including a receiver,at least one transmitter transmitting a multi-carrier signal to thereceiver, an interference canceller for cancelling spatial interferenceand a scheduler which is operative, for each individual time frame alonga temporal axis, to allocate to various data transmissions, respectiveportions of a time-frequency region defined over the individual timeframe, the multi-carrier signal defining a multiplicity of carrierstogether spanning a frequency band; is apparatus for adapting theinterference canceller to the interference, including apparatus foractivating the scheduler to reserve at least one empty sub-region withinthe time-frequency region by allocating only portions external to thesub-region to each of the data transmissions; and apparatus forconfiguring the interference canceller by deriving, from signal contentin the empty sub-region, at least one interference-dependent parameterof the interference canceller's operation.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the communication signal comprises a multi-user communicationsignal.

Still further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the subset of frequency bands in which the spatial nullingdevice is more effective comprises frequencies satisfying a predefinedcriterion based on at least the estimated reduction of the at least onespatial component of the received signal at the frequencies.

Additionally in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the subset of frequency bands in which the spatial nullingdevice is more effective comprises frequencies satisfying a predefinedcriterion based on at least the estimated signal to interference ratioof the cleaner signal at the frequencies.

Still further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the using the scheduler comprises configuring the schedulerto reserve the at least one empty sub-region by allocating only theportions external to the sub-region to each of the data transmissions.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the using the scheduler comprises generating a request to thescheduler for allocation of a sub-region within the time-frequencyregion to an auxiliary transmitter; employing the scheduler to accede tothe request by allocating at least one individual sub-region to theauxiliary transmitter; and refraining from transmitting within theindividual sub-region.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the generating a request to the scheduler comprisesgenerating the request by the auxiliary transmitter.

Still further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the cleaner signal is cleaner than each of the plurality ofreceived signals.

Additionally in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the system also comprises a scheduler which is operative, foreach individual time frame from among at least one time frame definedalong a temporal axis, to allocate to the at least one datatransmission, respective portions of a time-frequency region definedover the individual time frame; and to cause the at least one datatransmission to be more concentrated in a subset of frequency bandsincluding manipulating a derivative of the received signals so as tocause the scheduler to allocate the at least one data transmission to bemore concentrated in a subset of frequency bands in which the spatialnulling device is more effective and to be less concentrated infrequency bands which do not belong to the subset of frequency bands.

Also in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the signal manipulator comprises a programmable band limitednoise injector device which adds noise to a signal derived from a signalreceived by at least one of the antennae such that noise is added onlyto frequency bands outside the subset and not to frequency bands insidethe subset.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the spatial nulling device receives signals from the antennaarray and feeds a signal to the signal manipulator, and the signalderived from the signal received by the at least one of the antennaecomprises an output signal generated by the spatial nulling device.

Still further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the manipulating includes manipulating a derivative of thereceived signal so as to cause the scheduler to allocate the at leastone data transmission such that the data transmission is moreconcentrated in a subset of frequency bands in which the spatial nullingdevice is more effective and is less concentrated in frequency bandswhich do not belong to the subset of frequency bands.

Further in accordance with at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the method also comprises providing a scheduler which isoperative, for each individual time frame from among at least one timeframes defined along a temporal axis, to allocate to the at least onedata transmission, respective portions of a time-frequency regiondefined over the individual time frame, and wherein the manipulatingincludes manipulating a derivative of the received signal so as to causethe scheduler to allocate the at least one data transmission such thatthe data transmission is more concentrated in a subset of frequencybands in which the spatial nulling device is more effective and is lessconcentrated in frequency bands which do not belong to the subset offrequency bands.

Also provided is a computer program product, comprising a computerusable medium or computer readable storage medium, typically tangible,having a computer readable program code embodied therein, the computerreadable program code adapted to be executed to implement any or all ofthe methods shown and described herein. It is appreciated that any orall of the computational steps shown and described herein may becomputer-implemented. The operations in accordance with the teachingsherein may be performed by a computer specially constructed for thedesired purposes or by a general purpose computer specially configuredfor the desired purpose by a computer program stored in a computerreadable storage medium.

Any suitable processor, display and input means may be used to process,display e.g. on a computer screen or other computer output device,store, and accept information such as information used by or generatedby any of the methods and apparatus shown and described herein; theabove processor, display and input means including computer programs, inaccordance with some or all of the embodiments of the present invention.Any or all functionalities of the invention shown and described hereinmay be performed by a conventional personal computer processor,workstation or other programmable device or computer or electroniccomputing device, either general-purpose or specifically constructed,used for processing; a computer display screen and/or printer and/orspeaker for displaying; machine-readable memory such as optical disks,CDROMs, magnetic-optical discs or other discs; RAMs, ROMs, EPROMs,EEPROMs, magnetic or optical or other cards, for storing, and keyboardor mouse for accepting. The term “process” as used above is intended toinclude any type of computation or manipulation or transformation ofdata represented as physical, e.g. electronic, phenomena which may occuror reside e.g. within registers and/or memories of a computer.

The above devices may communicate via any conventional wired or wirelessdigital communication means, e.g. via a wired or cellular telephonenetwork or a computer network such as the Internet.

The apparatus of the present invention may include, according to certainembodiments of the invention, machine readable memory containing orotherwise storing a program of instructions which, when executed by themachine, implements some or all of the apparatus, methods, features andfunctionalities of the invention shown and described herein.Alternatively or in addition, the apparatus of the present invention mayinclude, according to certain embodiments of the invention, a program asabove which may be written in any conventional programming language, andoptionally a machine for executing the program such as but not limitedto a general purpose computer which may optionally be configured oractivated in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Anyof the teachings incorporated herein may wherever suitable operate onsignals representative of physical objects or substances.

The embodiments referred to above, and other embodiments, are describedin detail in the next section.

Any trademark occurring in the text or drawings is the property of itsowner and occurs herein merely to explain or illustrate one example ofhow an embodiment of the invention may be implemented.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, as apparent from the followingdiscussions, it is appreciated that throughout the specificationdiscussions, utilizing terms such as, “processing”, “computing”,“estimating”, “selecting”, “ranking”, “grading”, “calculating”,“determining”, “generating”, “reassessing”, “classifying”, “generating”,“producing”, “stereo-matching”, “registering”, “detecting”,“associating”, “superimposing”, “obtaining” or the like, refer to theaction and/or processes of a computer or computing system, or processoror similar electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transformdata represented as physical, such as electronic, quantities within thecomputing system's registers and/or memories, into other data similarlyrepresented as physical quantities within the computing system'smemories, registers or other such information storage, transmission ordisplay devices. The term “computer” should be broadly construed tocover any kind of electronic device with data processing capabilities,including, by way of non-limiting example, personal computers, servers,computing system, communication devices, processors (e.g. digital signalprocessor (DSP), microcontrollers, field programmable gate array (FPGA),application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.) and otherelectronic computing devices.

The present invention may be described, merely for clarity, in terms ofterminology specific to particular programming languages, operatingsystems, browsers, system versions, individual products, and the like.It will be appreciated that this terminology is intended to conveygeneral principles of operation clearly and briefly, by way of example,and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to anyparticular programming language, operating system, browser, systemversion, or individual product.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Certain embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in thefollowing drawings:

FIGS. 1, 2, 3A-3B, and 4 are prior art illustrations useful inunderstanding the background of the present invention.

FIGS. 5A-5B and 6A-6B are simplified functional block diagramillustrations of interference cancelling systems for multicarriercommunication applications, constructed and operative in accordance withcertain embodiments of the present invention and characterized in that aspatial nulling device generates a cleaner signal by reducing at leastone spatial component of interference and a signal manipulatormanipulates a derivative of a received signal so as to cause at leastone data transmission to be more concentrated in a subset of frequencybands in which the spatial nulling device is more effective and to beless concentrated in frequency bands which do not belong to that subsetof frequency bands.

FIG. 7 is a graph useful in understanding certain embodiments of thepresent invention.

FIGS. 8A-8B, 9A-9D, and 10A-10C are simplified functional block diagramillustrations of interference cancelling systems for multicarriercommunication applications, constructed and operative in accordance withcertain embodiments of the present invention and characterized in that aspatial nulling device generates a cleaner signal by reducing at leastone spatial component of interference and a signal manipulatormanipulates a derivative of a received signal so as to cause at leastone data transmission to be more concentrated in a subset of frequencybands in which the spatial nulling device is more effective and to beless concentrated in frequency bands which do not belong to that subsetof frequency bands.

FIG. 11A is a prior art illustrations useful in understanding thebackground of the present invention.

FIGS. 11B and 11C are graphs useful in understanding certain embodimentsof the present invention.

FIGS. 12A-12C are diagrams of methods for allocation of an empty regionwithin a frame provided in accordance with certain respectiveembodiments of the present invention.

FIGS. 13A-13C are simplified functional block diagram illustrations ofinterference cancelling systems for multicarrier communicationapplications, constructed and operative in accordance with certainembodiments of the present invention and characterized in that adaptionof an interference canceller is provided, including using a scheduler toreserve, e.g. according to the methods of FIGS. 12A-12C, at least oneempty sub-region within the time-frequency region by allocating onlyportions external to the sub-region to each of the data transmissions;and configuring the interference canceller by deriving, from signalcontent in the empty sub-region, at least one interference-dependentparameter of the interference canceller's operation.

FIG. 14 is a simplified flowchart operation of a method for emptysub-region reservation which may be a method of operation for certain ofthe systems shown and described above.

FIGS. 15A-15C are simplified functional block diagram illustrations ofinterference cancelling systems for multicarrier communicationapplications, constructed and operative in accordance with certainembodiments of the present invention and characterized in that adaptionof an interference canceller is provided, including using a scheduler toreserve, e.g. according to the methods of FIGS. 12A-12C, at least oneempty sub-region within the time-frequency region by allocating onlyportions external to the sub-region to each of the data transmissions;and configuring the interference canceller by deriving, from signalcontent in the empty sub-region, at least one interference-dependentparameter of the interference canceller's operation.

FIGS. 16A-16C are simplified functional block diagram illustrations ofinterference cancelling systems for multicarrier communicationapplications, constructed and operative in accordance with certainembodiments of the present invention and characterized in that a spatialnulling device generates a cleaner signal by reducing at least onespatial component of interference and a signal manipulator manipulates aderivative of a received signal so as to cause at least one datatransmission to be more concentrated in a subset of frequency bands inwhich the spatial nulling device is more effective and to be lessconcentrated in frequency bands which do not belong to that subset offrequency bands.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 5A illustrates a method for spatial nulling according to oneembodiment of the present invention. The desired signal 112 is awideband multicarrier signal. The interfering signals (one or more) 110may be of the same characteristics as the desired signal, i.e.multicarrier signals of the same bandwidth and frequencies.Alternatively, interfering signals 110 may be of some other type, orhave some other bandwidth, or even be some narrowband interferers. Thedesired signal 112 and the interfering signals 110 are received by theantenna array 102. The outputs of the antenna array 102 are fed into asignal manipulator 200, which preferably performs some frequencydependent or frequency selective actions on the signals. Some examplesof this signal manipulator are described hereinafter with reference toFIG. 6A and FIG. 8A. After the signals from the antennas are processedby the signal manipulator 200, they are fed into the spatial nullingmeans 104.

An example for the spatial nulling means may be the one described abovewith reference to FIG. 2, i.e. comprised of a weights computation, amultiplier, and a combiner. Spatial nulling is well known in the art,e.g. as described in the above-referenced publication by Hafeth Hourani,Chris Loadman et al. The purpose of the signal manipulator 200 is toconcentrate the transmitted data information onto carriers within thedesired bandwidth portion, which are the frequencies where the spatialnulling means 104 performs better, i.e. the null depth is deep enough.This is done by applying to the signals, a frequency dependent orfrequency selective method for rendering undesired frequencies uselessfor the receiver, thereby to cause the communication system to refrainfrom allocating data transmissions over these frequencies.

In the case of a scheduler residing at the local side, the receiver 106may detect the useless frequencies, and report them to the localscheduler, which in turn does not allocate data transmissions over thesefrequencies, and sends its allocation table to the remote transmitter(this is done using the opposite communication link). In the case of ascheduler residing at the remote side, the receiver may detect theuseless frequencies, and report them to the remote scheduler using theopposite communication link. The remote scheduler then does not allocatedata transmissions over these useless frequencies.

An advantage of certain embodiments described above is that nomodifications need be made to the receiver 106, and no specialinterfaces are needed to or from the receiver 106, thus allowing toapply this method to a standard receiver.

Another advantage is that the useless frequencies are effectivelyblocked and masked to the receiver 106. This is very effective when theinterferer signal is not stationary (for example, the interferer signalgoes on and off, as likely happens in communication signals). Withoutblocking these frequencies, the scheduler would have allocated datatransmissions onto these frequencies while the interferer signal was“off”, and the communication system would have failed once theinterferer signal went “on”.

In the embodiment described above, the signal manipulator 200 isconfigured according to the frequency response that came out of thespatial nulling means 104. Optionally, the configuration is effected ina set-up stage, in which first the spatial nulling means 104 is tunedand determines its spatial response including the spatial angles inwhich nulling is made, and then the signal manipulator 200 is configuredaccordingly. Alternatively, the tuning of the spatial nulling means 104followed by the configuration of the signal manipulator 200 areperformed periodically during normal operation. For example, in the caseof a WiMAX or LTE it may be performed every frame, or every severalframes. According to a further alternative, the tuning of the spatialnulling means 104 followed by the configuration of the signalmanipulator 200 is performed per request from the system controller dueto some criterion such as but not limited to detection of change ininterferers.

Optionally, configuration is effected by passing the computed weights ofthe spatial nulling means 104 to the signal manipulator 200, whichcomputes the frequency response and the nulling capabilities as afunction of frequency, at the desired spatial angle of the null.According to a further alternative, the angle of the desired null isalso passed from the spatial nulling means 104 to the signal manipulator200, directing the signal manipulator 200 on which spatial direction tocompute the frequency response. For example, the weights of the spatialnulling means 104 may be tuned to effect a spatial response as in FIG.3A, causing a null at the spatial angle of 0 degrees. In this example,the frequency response at this spatial angle is computed by signalmanipulator 200 to be the frequency response 160 shown in FIG. 4. Then,signal manipulator 200 considers this frequency response in light of thenulling requirements of the communication system, e.g. the requiredSignal to Interferer Ratio (SIR) in order for the communication systemto operate properly, and determines the subset of frequency bands inwhich the spatial nulling is effective. Then, signal manipulator 200applies to the signals a frequency dependent or frequency selectivemethod for rendering undesired frequencies useless for the receiver,thereby to cause the communication system to refrain from allocatingdata transmissions over these frequencies, or to otherwise prefer toconcentrate the data transmissions over the frequencies where thespatial nulling is effective. Examples of suitable frequency dependentschemes are described below with reference to FIG. 6A and FIG. 8A.

Alternatively, some other measures or data is passed from the spatialnulling means 104 to the signal manipulator 200, to enable it todetermine the frequency dependent method. For example, the frequencyresponse at the null direction may optionally be computed in the spatialnulling means 104, and passed to the signal manipulator 200. In anotherexample, spatial nulling means 104 may compute the frequency responseand also determine the subset of frequency bands in which the spatialnulling is effective, and pass the frequency values of this subset.

The embodiment described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 5A may beimplemented in RF, IF or Baseband.

FIG. 5B illustrates a system for spatial nulling according to anotherembodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is similar to thatof FIG. 5A except that the signals from the antenna array 102 are firstfed into spatial nulling means 104, and its output is then fed into thesignal manipulator 200. The advantage of the embodiment of FIG. 5B overthe embodiment of FIG. 5A, for certain applications, is that signalmanipulator 200 applies its frequency dependent function to only onesignal coming out of the spatial nulling means 104, whereas in FIG. 5Asignal manipulator 200 applies its frequency dependent function to eachof the signals coming out of the antenna array. The embodiment describedhereinabove with reference to FIG. 5B may be implemented either in RF,IF or Baseband.

Examples for frequency dependent methods to be used in accordance withthe embodiment of FIG. 5B are described below with reference to FIG. 6Band FIG. 8B.

FIG. 6A illustrates an example of a first embodiment of the systemdescribed in FIG. 5A. In this embodiment, the signal manipulator 200 ofFIG. 5A comprises a programmable BPF (Band-Pass-Filter), referenced 200′in FIG. 6A. More preferably, programmable BPF 200′ comprises amulti-band BPF. Typically, signal manipulator 200′ comprises such a BPFfor each of its input signals, i.e. for each of the antennas in antennaarray 102. The spatial nulling means 104 passes the designed weights, orother suitable data, to the programmable BPF 200′, as described abovewith reference to FIG. 5A. The programmable BPF 200′ implements a methodwhich dynamically designs the appropriate filter coefficients includingpassing desired frequencies for which the nulling is good enough, andstopping the frequencies where the nulling is not good enough. Filtercoefficients design may proceed in accordance with any suitable knownmethod for designing a digital filter given a desired passband and adesired stopband. The passband is selected to include the frequenciesfor which the nulling is good enough, based on some predefined criterionof goodness. This criterion may be, for example, the required Signal toInterferer Ratio (SIR) at the receiver 106 input, in order for thecommunication system to operate properly. This method effectively blocksthe receiver from using the frequencies where the nulling is not goodenough according to the predefined criterion, and the scheduler does notallocate any data transmissions there, or otherwise prefers toconcentrate the data transmissions over the frequencies where thenulling is good enough. The BPF typically implements the frequencydependent system described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 5A.

FIG. 6B illustrates an example implementation of the system of FIG. 5B.In this embodiment, the signal manipulator 200 of FIG. 5B comprises aprogrammable BPF (Band-Pass-Filter), referenced 200′ in FIG. 6B. Morepreferably, programmable BPF 200′ comprises a multi-band BPF. Thedescription of the filter coefficients design and the frequency passbandand stopband design may be the same as described above with reference toFIG. 6A. The difference from the embodiment of FIG. 6A is that only onesignal is coming out of the spatial nulling means 104, thus only one BPFis implemented in signal manipulator 200′, as described above withreference to FIG. 5B.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of the frequency response of the BPF ofFIG. 6A or FIG. 6B. The frequency response 160 of the combined signal isplotted, as described above with reference to FIG. 4. The frequencyresponse 160 is shown at the desired null spatial direction. Theprogrammable BPF 200′ is configured to implement the frequency response210, causing the useable frequencies to pass to the receiver, whilestopping the useless frequencies. More preferably, frequency response210 may be a multi-band BPF response.

FIG. 8A illustrates another example implementation of the system of FIG.5A. In this embodiment, the signal manipulator 200 of FIG. 5A comprisesprogrammable band limited noise injectors, referenced 200″ in FIG. 8A.More preferably, programmable band limited noise injectors 200″ eachinclude multi-band noise injectors. Typically, signal manipulator 200″comprises such a noise injector for each of its input signals, i.e. foreach of the antennas in antenna array 102. The spatial nulling means 104passes the designed weights, or some other data, to the programmableband limited noise injectors 200″, as described above with reference toFIG. 5A. Programmable band limited noise injectors 200″ implement amethod which dynamically generates multi-band band limited noisesignals, and adds the noise signals to its input signals that came fromthe antenna array 102, correspondingly. The generated noise may be aband limited White Gaussian Noise (WGN) or it may be of anotherstatistical type. Typically, the spectral power density of the noisesignals is dynamically configured to be higher than the spectral powerdensity of the received signals from the antenna array. The programmableband limited noise injectors 200″ determines the frequency bands of thegenerated noise based on some predefined criteria. Such criteria may be,for example, the required Signal to Interferer Ratio (SIR) at thereceiver 106 input, in order for the communication system to operateproperly. This method effectively blocks the receiver from using thefrequencies where the nulling is not good enough according to predefinedcriteria, and the scheduler does not allocate any data transmissionsthere, or otherwise prefers to concentrate the data transmissions overthe frequencies where the nulling is good enough. The noise injectorsmay implement the frequency dependent system described hereinabove withreference to FIG. 5A.

FIG. 8B illustrates an example of a second embodiment of the methoddescribed in FIG. 5B. In this embodiment, the signal manipulator 200 ofFIG. 5B comprises programmable band limited noise injectors, referenced200″ in FIG. 8B. More preferably, programmable band limited noiseinjectors 200″ comprises multi-band noise injectors. The description ofthe noise injectors design and generation is the same as described abovewith reference to FIG. 8A. The difference from the embodiment of FIG. 8Ais that only one signal emerges from the spatial nulling means 104, thusonly one noise injector is implemented in signal manipulator 200″, asdescribed above with reference to FIG. 5B.

FIG. 9A illustrates a further embodiment of FIG. 6A. In this embodiment,spatial nulling means 104 comprises a weighted antenna summation, asdescribed hereinabove with reference to FIG. 2. The programmable BPF200′ comprises an array of programmable Band Pass Filters 202, an arrayof RF front end 142, and a coefficient computation block 204. Each ofthe received signals from the antennas in antenna array 102 is fed intoan RF front end 142, and then into a corresponding programmable BPF 202,which filters the signal. BPF 202 may optionally be a multi-band BPF.The outputs from the BPFs are fed into the spatial nulling means 104.The programmable BPF 202 is configured by coefficient computation unit204, which computes coefficients 206, and passes the coefficients 206 tothe programmable BPF 202. The coefficient computation unit 204determines the coefficients 206 based on configuration from weightscomputation unit 146 and on predefined criteria, as describedhereinabove with reference to FIGS. 5A and 6A. The embodiment describedabove may be implemented, mutatis mutandis, either in RF, IF orBaseband.

FIG. 9B illustrates a further embodiment of FIG. 6B. In this embodiment,spatial nulling means 104 comprises a weighted antenna summation, asdescribed hereinabove with reference to FIG. 2. The programmable BPF200′ comprises a programmable Band Pass Filter 202 and a coefficientcomputation 204. BPF 202 may optionally be a multi-band BPF. Each of thereceived signals from the antennas in antenna array 102 is fed into anRF front end 142, and then is fed into the weighted antenna summationwithin spatial nulling means 104. The output from the spatial nullingmeans 104 is fed into the programmable BPF 202, which is configured bycoefficient computation unit 204. Coefficient computation unit 204computes coefficients 206 and passes them to the programmable BPF 202.The coefficient computation unit 204 determines the coefficients 206based on configuration from weights computation unit 146 and onpredefined criteria, as described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 5Band FIG. 6B. The embodiment described above may be implemented, mutatismutandis, either in RF, IF or Baseband.

FIG. 9C illustrates a further embodiment of FIG. 8A. In this embodiment,spatial nulling means 104 comprises a weighted antenna summation, asdescribed hereinabove with reference to FIG. 2. The band limited noiseinjectors 200″ comprises an array of programmable band limited noiseinjectors 282, an array of RF front end 142, and noise parameterscomputation 284. Noise injector 282 may be a multi-band noise injector.Each of the received signals from the antennas in antenna array 102 isfed into an RF front end 142, and then into its correspondingprogrammable band limited noise injector 282, which adds band limitednoise to the signals. The outputs from the noise injectors are fed intothe spatial nulling means 104. The programmable band limited noiseinjectors 282 are configured by noise parameter computation unit 284,which computes noise parameters 286, and passes them to the programmableband limited noise injectors 282. Noise parameters 286 may comprise, forexample, the frequency bands of the generated noise and its power. Thenoise parameter computation unit 284 determines the noise parameters 286based on configuration from weights computation unit 146 and onpredefined criteria, as described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 5Aand FIG. 8A. The embodiment described above may be implemented, mutatismutandis, either in RF, IF or Baseband.

FIG. 9D illustrates another possible implementation of FIG. 8B. In thisembodiment, spatial nulling means 104 comprises a weighted antennasummation, as described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 2. Theprogrammable band limited noise injectors 200″ comprise a programmableband limited noise injector 282 and a noise parameter computation unit284. Noise injector 282 may optionally be a multi-band noise injector.Each of the received signals from the antennas in antenna array 102 isfed into an RF front end 142, and then is fed into the weighted antennasummation within spatial nulling means 104. The output from the spatialnulling means 104 is fed into the programmable band limited noiseinjector 282, which is configured by noise parameter computation unit284. Noise parameter computation unit 284 computes noise parameters 286and passes them to the programmable band limited noise injector 282.Noise parameters 286 may comprise, for example, the frequency bands ofthe generated noise and its power. The noise parameters computation unit284 determines the noise parameters 286 based on configuration fromweights computation unit 146 and on predefined criteria, as describedhereinabove with reference to FIG. 5B and FIG. 8B. The embodimentdescribed above may be implemented, mutatis mutandis, either in RF, IFor Baseband.

FIG. 10A illustrates another embodiment of the present invention whichcan, if desired, be combined with the embodiment of FIG. 6 or of FIG. 8in that unit 200 may be in accordance with the teachings of FIG. 6, orFIG. 8, or any other suitable implementation. Whereas in the embodimentsof FIGS. 5, 6 and 8, the signal manipulator 200 IS configured andoperative based on the design parameters provided by 104, and acts likeA “Feed Forward” mechanism, in FIG. 10, the signal manipulator 200 isconfigured and operative based on feedback from actual performance ofthe nulling means and acts like a “feedback mechanism” rather than a“feed forward” mechanism. The feedback mechanism typically includesmeasuring the actual signals, using unit 220. Block 200 may comprise aprogrammable BPF, or a programmable noise injector, similar to previousembodiments.

The embodiment of FIG. 10A may be similar to the embodiment of FIG. 5A,except that the signal manipulator 200 dynamically designs the frequencyselective method e.g. according to quality measurements performed on theactual signal that outcomes of the spatial nulling means 104. Thisoperation may be performed by the nulling quality spectral measure 220.For example, the energy of the actual signal may be measured overfrequencies, and the actual null quality may be measured empirically.Optionally, this measure may be carried out by computing the FFT of theactual signal, or by other suitable known in the art methods forspectral estimation. The nulling quality measure 220 then configures,using feedback, the signal manipulator 200, thus allowing adaptation tothe actual conditions. The signal manipulator 200 may optionallycomprise a programmable BPF as in FIG. 6A, or programmable band limitednoise injectors as in FIG. 8A.

The term “designing the frequency selective method” as used hereinincludes configuring the signal manipulator. For BPF-based embodimentsas described herein, this may include computation of BPF coefficientswhereas for noise injector-based embodiments, as described herein, thisconfiguration may include computation of the noise parameters.

FIG. 10B illustrates yet another embodiment of the present invention.This embodiment is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 5B, except that inthis embodiment the signal manipulator 200 dynamically designs thefrequency selective method according to some quality measurementsperformed on the actual signal that are provided by the signalmanipulator 200. This may be performed by the nulling quality spectralmeasure 220. For example, the energy of the actual signal may bemeasured over frequencies, and the actual null quality may be measuredempirically. Optionally, this measure may be done by computing the FFTof the actual signal, or by any other known in the art method forspectral estimation. The nulling quality measure 220 then configures,using a feedback, the signal manipulator 200, thus allowing adaptationto the actual conditions. The signal manipulator 200 may optionallycomprise a programmable BPF as in FIG. 6B, or programmable band limitednoise injectors as in FIG. 8B.

FIG. 10C illustrates still another embodiment of the present inventionwhich is similar to the embodiments of FIGS. 5B and 10B, except that thesignal manipulator 200 dynamically designs the frequency selectivemethod according to some quality measurements performed on the actualsignal that comes out of the spatial nulling means 104. This may beperformed by the nulling quality spectral measure 220. For example, theenergy of the actual signal may be measured over frequencies, and theactual null quality may be measured empirically. Optionally, thismeasure may be done by computing the FFT of the actual signal, or byother known in the art method for spectral estimation. The nullingquality measure 220 then configures the signal manipulator 200, thusallowing adaptation to the actual conditions. The signal manipulator 200may optionally comprise a programmable BPF as in FIG. 6B, orprogrammable band limited noise injectors as in FIG. 8B.

FIG. 11A is a prior art graph illustrating an example of a widebandmulticarrier desired signal, comprising many carriers over frequencies300.

FIG. 11B is a graph illustrating an example of the output of the methoddescribed above with reference to FIG. 6A, FIG. 6B, FIG. 7, FIG. 9A andFIG. 9B. The programmable BPF 200′ having the frequency response 210causes frequencies 310 to pass to the receiver, and frequencies 320 tobe blocked, because the null depth in frequencies 320 is not goodenough, as shown by graph 160. Practically, frequencies 320 may not betotally blocked, but attenuated to a sufficient extent. Therefore, thescheduler does not allocate any data transmissions onto thesefrequencies.

FIG. 11C illustrates an example of the outcome of the method describedabove with reference to FIGS. 8A-8B, 9C-9D. The programmable bandlimited noise injectors 200″ generate and inject a multi-bandband-limited noise having the spectrum 370. Noise spectrum 370 spansover carrier frequencies 360 of the desired signal, causing receiver 106to receive carrier frequencies 360 with a very low quality, i.e. verylow SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio). Carrier frequencies 360 are those inwhich the null depth is not good enough, as shown by graph 160. Carrierfrequencies 350, in which the null depth is good enough, are notaffected by the noise injectors. Therefore, the scheduler refrains fromallocating data transmissions onto frequencies 360, and prefer toconcentrate data transmissions onto frequencies 350.

FIGS. 12A-12C illustrate an interference cancelling method constructedand operative in accordance with another embodiment of the presentinvention. In order for the multicarrier communication system to workproperly, the data transmissions' allocations are made known to both thetransmitter and the receiver. This is usually done by some protocolmessages that the scheduler on one side sends to the other side,describing where and when data transmissions are placed, over time andfrequency. For example, in WiMAX standard these protocol messages arecalled MAPs. FIG. 12A illustrates a frame 400 for the multicarriertransmission. Frame 400 is a time interval along the temporal axis. Datatransmissions 410 are allocated within the frame 400. Data transmissions410 may originate and be transmitted from one source, or alternativelymay be transmitted from several different transmitters, for multi-userdata allocations, like in the case of OFDMA.

In order to be able to adjust the spatial nulling means 104 efficiently,the method of FIGS. 12A-12C configures the scheduler to place an emptyregion 420 within the frame 400. In this empty region, no datatransmissions are allocated by the scheduler. This empty region may beplaced at the end of the frame duration, as illustrated in FIG. 12A, orat any other time within the frame as shown in FIGS. 12B and 12C, forexample. The empty region may cover all the frequencies of the widebandtransmission, and span only a portion of the frame duration, as in theexample illustrated in FIG. 12A. For example, in WiMAX transmission,such a region is called a zone. Alternatively, the empty region maycover only a portion of frequencies, and span the whole frame duration,as in the example of FIG. 12C.

The empty region may also cover only a portion, either contiguous orfragmented, of frequencies, and may span over only a portion, eithercontiguous or fragmented, of the frame duration, as in the example ofFIG. 12B. In LTE, such a region is called Resource Block (RB).Typically, the spatial nulling means 104 may perform its adaptive weightcomputations as is well known in the art, using the received signal inthe empty region.

Conventional methods for adaptive weight computation are described interalia in the following publications:

-   An Overview of Adaptive Antenna Systems, Hafeth Hourani, Helsinki    University of Technology—section VI-   An Overview of Adaptive Antenna Technologies For Wireless    Communications, Chris Loadman, Dr. Zhizhang Chen & Dylan Jorgensen,    Dalhousie University—sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.3-   Null-steering LMS Dual-Polarised Adaptive Antenna Arrays for GPS, W    C Cheuk, M Trinkle & D A Gray, Journal of Global Positioning Systems    (2005), Vol. 4, No. 1-2: 258-267, —formula 2.2-   Smart Antenna Design for Wireless Communication using Adaptive    Beamforming Approach, Susmita Das, National Institute of Technology,    Rourkela, India—section III-   Smart Antennas, Lal Chand Godara, CRC Press—section 2.3; and-   Digital Beamforming in Wireless Communications, John Litva and Titus    Kwok-Yeung Lo, Artech House—section 3.2.

The spatial nulling means may optionally detect and estimate thepresence of the interferer signals, their directions, power or someother measure. The empty region enables spatial nulling means 104, thesignal manipulator 200 and the nulling quality spectral measure 220,e.g. as described above, to adapt, compute and configure theirparameters more accurately, because the only signals that are receivedwithin the empty region are the interferers 110, while the desiredsignal 112 is silent. Hence, the detection of the presence of aninterferer, and measuring its power may be accurately performed bymeasuring the received power within the empty region. Computing thespatial nulling means weights by weights computation unit 146 yieldsmore accurate results when performed over the interferer 110 solely,without the desired signal 112 which acts like a noise for the weightscomputation unit method 146. The spatial nulling means 104 and thesignal manipulator 200 may be any one of the embodiments describedhereinabove, specifically, but not limited to, one of the embodiments ofFIGS. 5A-5B, 6A-6B, 8A-8B, 9A-9D, 10A-10C.

In a further embodiment, the empty region in the frame is controlled tobe placed dynamically, e.g. according to the measured conditions,pre-determined configuration, and some decision logic. Optionally, thelength in time and the bandwidth in frequency of the empty region, theprovision of the empty region every frame or only once per severalframes, and the place of the empty region within the frame, may be allconfigurable parameters, and may be controlled and adjusted dynamically.For example, if no interference is detected, the empty region size maybe reduced, and it may be allocated once per several frames, in order tosave throughput. Once interference is detected, the empty region may beenlarged to span over all frequencies in order to measure theinterference and to adapt the weights more accurately, and also theempty region may be allocated on every frame in order to dynamicallyadapt to varying interferences.

In another embodiment, the scheduler is not configured directly to placean empty region 420 within frame 400. Instead, signal manipulator 200 isconfigured to block the signal over the desired empty region location intime and frequency. Signal manipulator 200 may optionally inject noiseonto this region, or dynamically filter out this region. The receiver106 measures the received signal quality over this region as very bad,thus the scheduler does not allocate any data transmissions onto thisregion during the next frame or several frames. This way the emptyregion is practically allocated, but without direct configuration of thescheduler. This is an advantage in case the scheduler is not accessibledirectly.

FIGS. 13A-13C illustrate modifications of the system of FIG. 12 whichdiffer regarding the information which is fed into the empty regiondetector 460. The spatial nulling means 104 and the signal manipulator200 may be any one of the embodiments described hereinabove, such as butnot limited to any of the embodiments of FIGS. 5A-5B, 6A-6B, 8A-8B,9A-9D, 10A-10C. Specifically, the order of the spatial nulling means 104and the signal manipulator 200 may be reversed.

In FIG. 13A, the signals 462 from the antenna array 102 are fed into anempty region detector 460, which in turn detects the time-frequencyexistence and location of the empty region 420. The detection may bebased on energy criteria or by any other detection criteria or method.For example, in the case of interferer signal 110 whose power is not toohigh relative to the power of the desired signal 112, a simple energymeasurement may be performed on each frequency carrier of themulti-carrier transmission, and every symbol duration, which is thefundamental temporal unit of the multi-carrier signal. The measuredenergy within the empty region will be noticeably lower than the energywithin other regions in the frame. More complex methods for thedetection of the empty region may utilize cross-correlation computationsbetween the received signal 462 and some predetermined referencesignals.

Upon detection of the empty region, the detector 460 notifies andtriggers the spatial nulling means 104 to compute and update itsweights. Optionally, detector 460 also triggers the signal manipulator200 to compute its parameters.

FIG. 13B illustrates another embodiment which is a variation on theembodiment of FIG. 13A in which the empty region detector 460 is fedwith the cleaner signal 464 provided by the spatial nulling means 104.The advantage of this embodiment is that the detection of the emptyregion may be performed more accurately, because the input signal to thedetector 460 contains less interferers' power, thus the empty region ismore noticeable. The mutual operation of the spatial nulling means 104and the empty region detector 460 may optionally be in aniterative-feedback manner, i.e. the detector 460 detects the emptyregion and triggers spatial nulling means 104 to compute weights, suchthat a cleaner signal is produced by the spatial nulling means 104,allowing detector 460 to detect the next coming empty region moreaccurately, and so forth.

FIG. 13C illustrates another variation on the embodiment of FIG. 13A inwhich the empty zone detector 460 is fed with information from thereceiver 106. Optionally, the receiver 106 generates a synchronizationsignal that notifies when the empty region starts. Alternatively, thereceiver sends some data describing where and when the empty region isplaced.

FIG. 14 is a simplified flowchart illustration of a method of operationof the apparatus described above with reference to FIG. 13. Typically,upon setup, the scheduler is configured to place an empty region 420within frame 400, and step 602 is entered. In step 602, the empty regiondetector 460 searches for the empty region 420. Upon detection of theempty region 420, step 604 is entered, in which and spatial nullingmeans 104 compute and adapt its weights. This is done by the weightscomputation unit 146, using the signals received over the empty region420. After weights are computed, step 606 is entered, in which signalmanipulator 200 determines the desired useful frequency bands, either byanalyzing the computed weights which are passed to signal manipulator200, e.g. as described above with reference to FIG. 5A-5B, oralternatively by analyzing the nulling quality by nulling qualityspectral measure 220, e.g. as described above with reference to FIGS.10A-10C.

After the desired useful frequency bands are determined, signalmanipulator 200 may adapt its frequency dependent method, either bycoefficient computation unit 206 for the programmable BPF 202 e.g. asdescribed above with reference to FIG. 9A-9B, or alternatively by noiseparameters computation 284 for the programmable band limited noiseinjector 282 e.g. as described above with reference to FIG. 9C-9D. Then,step 608 is entered, in which the signal manipulator 200 method and thespatial nulling means 104 method are applied to the signals coming fromthe antenna array 102, generating a cleaner signal which is fed into thereceiver 106. Then, in step 610, receiver 106 performs its standardreceive procedures, and completes the reception of the frame. Step 602may be optionally reentered either for each frame, or once per severalframes, or upon a change in the quality of the reception of the desiredsignal. Steps 606 and 608 may be performed together at a single step612.

FIGS. 15A-15C illustrate three respective embodiments of another systemfor allocation of the empty region 420 described above with reference toFIG. 12. In these embodiments, the scheduler is not directly configuredto allocate empty region 420. Instead, an auxiliary signal 802 isgenerated, in a manner described hereinbelow, indirectly causing thescheduler to allocate the empty region 420. In these figures, thespatial nulling means 104 and the signal manipulator 200 may be any oneof the embodiments described hereinabove, such as but not limited to,one of the embodiments of FIGS. 5A-5B, 6A-6B, 8A-8B, 9A-9D, 10A-10C.

FIG. 15A illustrates an auxiliary transmitter 800 transmitting anauxiliary signal 802, which is received by antenna array 102 along withthe other signals. Auxiliary transmitter 800 is a cooperativetransmitter, configured to transmit an auxiliary signal 802 carrying arequest to the scheduler for allocating an available region for the useof the auxiliary transmitter 800. The allocation request is sent usingagreed protocol messages of the multi-carrier transmission. Thescheduler, based on its priorities, allocates a region for the auxiliarytransmitter 800, considering transmitter 800 as a regular transmitterasking for allocation.

Upon grant for transmission, the auxiliary transmitter 800 does nottransmit any signals onto at least a portion of its allocated region,thus effectively causing an empty region 420. Thereby, the empty regionis practically allocated, but without direct configuration of thescheduler. This is an advantage in the case that the scheduler is notaccessible directly. The auxiliary transmitter 800 may be located at aplace near antenna array 102, or at another place, far from antennaarray 102. Alternatively, auxiliary signal 802 may be added after theantenna array 102, thus there is no need for the auxiliary transmitter800 to transmit energy to the air.

Optionally, auxiliary transmitter 800 may be replaced by simulatorgenerating the auxiliary signal 802, thus eliminating the need for afull transmitter device.

The embodiment of FIG. 15B is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 15A,except that the order of spatial nulling means 104 and the signalmanipulator 200 is reversed.

The embodiment of FIG. 15C is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 15A,except that the auxiliary signal is added to the signal fed into thereceiver 106, thus there is no need for the auxiliary transmitter 800 totransmit energy to the air.

FIGS. 16A-16C illustrate alternative embodiments of the presentinvention which include a scheduler. FIGS. 16A-16C are based on theembodiment of FIG. 5a ; it is appreciated that the embodiments of FIGS.5B-10 and 13-15 may be modified similarly.

In FIG. 16A, scheduler 108 is in the receiver 106, or at the receiverside. The scheduler determines the data transmissions allocations overtime/frequency, and configures the receiver accordingly. Also, theallocation is passed to the other side, i.e. to the remote transmitter,via the reverse communication link.

In FIG. 16B, scheduler 108 is in the transmitter 120, or at thetransmitter side. The scheduler determines the data transmissionsallocations over time/frequency, and configures the transmitteraccordingly. Also, the allocation is passed to the other side, i.e. tothe receiver, via the communication link e.g. via signal 112, at thestart of each frame, describing allocations at the rest of the frame.

In FIG. 16C, the scheduler 108 is in a remote server 130, and is locatedneither at the transmitter, nor at the receiver. The schedulerdetermines the data transmissions allocations over time/frequency. Theallocation is passed to both the receiver and the transmitter, andconfigures them accordingly. Allocation is passed via communicationmeans 132, which could be any suitable communication means.

Regarding use of required Signal to Interferer Ratio (SIR) e.g. in theembodiments of FIGS. 5A, 6A and 8A, as described above, the appropriatelevel of SIR which may be employed is application specific since ittypically depends on the physical layer (PHY) mode of operation, PHYconfiguration parameters and receiver design. For example, parametersthat may affect determination of an appropriate SIR level include butmay not be limited to the modulation order (e.g. QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAMetc.), the FEC (Forward Error Correction) method being used, the FECrate, and the required BER (Bit Error Rate) at the receiver. The spatialnulling means affects the SIR by aiming for maximal reducing of theinterferer power, while minimally reducing the desired signal power,hence aiming to enlarge the SIR. However, the nulling capabilities varyalong frequencies, as described above with reference to FIG. 4.Frequency response 160 depicts the nulling capability as a function offrequency, at the spatial angle of the interferer. Hence, the SIR at theoutput of the spatial nulling means is frequency dependent. For somefrequencies the null is deep enough, affecting a good enough SIR (i.e.at least the required SIR for appropriate operation of the receiver).For other frequencies, the null is not deep enough, causing SIR not tobe good enough in the sense that it does not meet the required SIR forappropriate operation of the receiver.

It is appreciated that terminology such as “mandatory”, “required”,“need” and “must” refer to implementation choices made within thecontext of a particular implementation or application describedherewithin for clarity and are not intended to be limiting since in analternative implantation, the same elements might be defined as notmandatory and not required or might even be eliminated altogether.

It is appreciated that software components of the present inventionincluding programs and data may, if desired, be implemented in ROM (readonly memory) form including CD-ROMs, EPROMs and EEPROMs, or may bestored in any other suitable computer-readable medium such as but notlimited to disks of various kinds, cards of various kinds and RAMs.Components described herein as software may, alternatively, beimplemented wholly or partly in hardware, if desired, using conventionaltechniques. Conversely, components described herein as hardware may,alternatively, be implemented wholly or partly in software, if desired,using conventional techniques.

Included in the scope of the present invention, inter alia, areelectromagnetic signals carrying computer-readable instructions forperforming any or all of the steps of any of the methods shown anddescribed herein, in any suitable order; machine-readable instructionsfor performing any or all of the steps of any of the methods shown anddescribed herein, in any suitable order; program storage devicesreadable by machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructionsexecutable by the machine to perform any or all of the steps of any ofthe methods shown and described herein, in any suitable order; acomputer program product comprising a computer useable medium havingcomputer readable program code, such as executable code, having embodiedtherein, and/or including computer readable program code for performing,any or all of the steps of any of the methods shown and describedherein, in any suitable order; any technical effects brought about byany or all of the steps of any of the methods shown and describedherein, when performed in any suitable order; any suitable apparatus ordevice or combination of such, programmed to perform, alone or incombination, any or all of the steps of any of the methods shown anddescribed herein, in any suitable order; electronic devices eachincluding a processor and a cooperating input device and/or outputdevice and operative to perform in software any steps shown anddescribed herein; information storage devices or physical records, suchas disks or hard drives, causing a computer or other device to beconfigured so as to carry out any or all of the steps of any of themethods shown and described herein, in any suitable order; a programpre-stored e.g. in memory or on an information network such as theInternet, before or after being downloaded, which embodies any or all ofthe steps of any of the methods shown and described herein, in anysuitable order, and the method of uploading or downloading such, and asystem including server/s and/or client/s for using such; and hardwarewhich performs any or all of the steps of any of the methods shown anddescribed herein, in any suitable order, either alone or in conjunctionwith software. Any computer-readable or machine-readable media describedherein is intended to include non-transitory computer- ormachine-readable media.

Any computations or other forms of analysis described herein may beperformed by a suitable computerized method. Any step described hereinmay be computer-implemented. The invention shown and described hereinmay include (a) using a computerized method to identify a solution toany of the problems or for any of the objectives described herein, thesolution optionally including at least one of a decision, an action, aproduct, a service or any other information described herein thatimpacts, in a positive manner, a problem or objectives described herein;and (b) outputting the solution.

Features of the present invention which are described in the context ofseparate embodiments may also be provided in combination in a singleembodiment. Conversely, features of the invention, including methodsteps, which are described for brevity in the context of a singleembodiment or in a certain order may be provided separately or in anysuitable subcombination or in a different order. “e.g.” is used hereinin the sense of a specific example which is not intended to be limiting.Devices, apparatus or systems shown coupled in any of the drawings mayin fact be integrated into a single platform in certain embodiments ormay be coupled via any appropriate wired or wireless coupling such asbut not limited to optical fiber, Ethernet, Wireless LAN, HomePNA, powerline communication, cell phone, PDA, Blackberry GPRS, Satelliteincluding GPS, or other mobile delivery. It is appreciated that in thedescription and drawings shown and described herein, functionalitiesdescribed or illustrated as systems and sub-units thereof can also beprovided as methods and steps therewithin, and functionalities describedor illustrated as methods and steps therewithin can also be provided assystems and sub-units thereof. The scale used to illustrate variouselements in the drawings is merely exemplary and/or appropriate forclarity of presentation and is not intended to be limiting.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A system for cancelling spatialinterference associated with an original multi-carrier signal carryingat least one data transmission sent by a transmitter to an antenna arraycomprising a plurality of antennae and having a receiver operativelyassociated therewith, the system receiving a plurality of receivedsignals respectively including the interference and the original signalas received by a respective individual antenna from among the pluralityof antennae, the system comprising: a spatial nulling device forgenerating a cleaner signal by reducing at least one spatial componentof said interference; and a signal manipulator coupled to the spatialnulling device and operative to manipulate a derivative of said receivedsignals so as to cause said at least one data transmission to be moreconcentrated in a subset of frequency bands in which the spatial nullingdevice is more effective and to be less concentrated in frequency bandswhich do not belong to said subset of frequency bands.
 2. A systemaccording to claim 1 wherein said signal manipulator comprises aprogrammable band pass filter device which filters a signal to befiltered derived from a signal received by at least one of the antennaeso as to pass at least one frequency band inside the subset and to blockat least one frequency band outside the subset.
 3. A system according toclaim 1 wherein said spatial nulling device includes a dynamic weightedantenna summation functionality operative to dynamically compute aweighted sum of signals received by said plurality of antennae whereinsaid weighting is performed in accordance with a plurality of weightingcoefficients corresponding in number to said plurality of antennae andselected to reduce at least one spatial component of the receivedsignals which includes interference.
 4. A system according to claim 2wherein said band pass filter has dynamically computed filtercoefficients and wherein said signal manipulator also comprises a filtercoefficient computer operative to dynamically compute said filtercoefficients.
 5. A system according to claim 4 wherein said spatialnulling device includes a weighted antenna summation functionalityoperative to compute a weighted sum of signals received by saidplurality of antennae wherein said weighting is performed in accordancewith a plurality of weighting coefficients corresponding in number tosaid plurality of antennae, and wherein said filter coefficient computeris operative to use said plurality of weighting coefficients todynamically compute said filter coefficients.
 6. A system according toclaim 2 wherein said signal manipulator receives signals from saidantenna array and feeds signal to said spatial nulling device andwherein said programmable band pass filter device comprises an array ofprogrammable band pass filters including a plurality of band passfilters corresponding in number to said plurality of antennae andwherein each individual band pass filter filters the signal receivedfrom the antenna corresponding to the individual band pass filter so asto pass at least one frequency band inside the subset and to block atleast one frequency band outside the subset.
 7. A system according toclaim 2 wherein said spatial nulling device receives signals from saidantenna array and feeds signal to said signal manipulator and whereinsaid signal to be filtered comprises an output signal generated by saidspatial nulling device.
 8. A system according to claim 1 wherein saidsignal manipulator comprises an array of programmable band pass filtersincluding a plurality of band pass filters corresponding in number tosaid plurality of antennae and wherein each individual band pass filterfilters the signal received from the antenna corresponding to theindividual band pass filter so as to pass all frequency bands inside thesubset and to block all frequency bands outside the subset.
 9. A systemaccording to claim 1 wherein said signal manipulator receivesinformation indicative of said cleaner signal and operates in accordancetherewith.
 10. A system according to claim 9 wherein said signalmanipulator determines said subset at least partly based on saidinformation indicative of said cleaner signal.
 11. A system according toclaim 1 wherein said signal manipulator performs at least onefrequency-dependent operation on said received signal.
 12. A systemaccording to claim 1 further comprising a scheduler which is operative,for each individual time frame from among at least one time framedefined along a temporal axis, to allocate to said at least one datatransmission, respective portions of a time-frequency region definedover said individual time frame; and to cause said at least one datatransmission to be more concentrated in the subset of frequency bands bymanipulating a derivative of said received signals so as to cause saidscheduler to allocate said at least one data transmission such that saiddata transmission is more concentrated in the subset of frequency bandsin which the spatial nulling device is more effective and is lessconcentrated in frequency bands which do not belong to said subset offrequency bands.
 13. A system according to claim 1 wherein said spatialnulling device receives signals from said antenna array and feeds asignal to said signal manipulator, and wherein said signal derived fromsaid signals received by said respective individual antenna of theplurality of antennae comprises an output signal generated by saidspatial nulling device.
 14. A system according to claim 1 wherein thesignal manipulator is operative to concentrate the transmitted data ontomultiple carriers within a desired bandwidth portion.
 15. A systemaccording to claim 1 wherein said signal manipulator is operative tocause said at least one data transmission to be more concentrated in atleast one subset of frequency bands in which the spatial nulling deviceis more effective relative to the spatial nulling device's lowereffectivity in frequency bands which do not belong to said at least onesubset of frequency bands and to be less concentrated in said frequencybands which do not belong to said at least one subset of frequencybands.
 16. A system according to claim 1 wherein said subset offrequency bands in which the spatial nulling device is more effectivecomprises frequencies satisfying a predefined criterion based on atleast estimated reduction of said at least one spatial component of thereceived signal at said frequencies.
 17. A system according to claim 1wherein said subset of frequency bands in which the spatial nullingdevice is more effective comprises frequencies satisfying a predefinedcriterion based on at least an estimated signal to interference ratio ofsaid cleaner signal at said frequencies.
 18. A system according to claim1 wherein said signal manipulator comprises a programmable band limitednoise injector device which adds noise to a signal derived from theoriginal signal received by the respective individual antenna of theplurality of antennae such that noise is added only to frequency bandsoutside the subset and not to frequency bands inside the sub set.
 19. Asystem according to claim 18 wherein said noise comprises white Gaussiannoise.
 20. A system according to claim 18 wherein each said noiseinjector has dynamically configurable noise parameters and wherein saidsignal manipulator also comprises a noise parameter computer operativeto dynamically compute said noise parameters.
 21. A system according toclaim 20 wherein said configurable noise parameters define frequencybands of the noise.
 22. A system according to claim 20 wherein saidspatial nulling device includes a weighted antenna summationfunctionality operative to compute a weighted sum of signals received bysaid plurality of antennae wherein said weighting is performed inaccordance with a plurality of weighting coefficients corresponding innumber to said plurality of antennae, and wherein said noise parameterscomputer is operative to use said plurality of weighting coefficients todynamically compute said noise parameters.
 23. A method for cancellingspatial interference associated with an original multi-carrier signalcarrying at least one data transmission sent by a transmitter to anantenna array comprising a plurality of antennae and having a receiveroperatively associated therewith, the method including receiving aplurality of received signals respectively including said interferenceand said original signal as received by a respective individual antennafrom among the plurality of antennae, the method comprising: using aspatial nulling device for generating a cleaner signal by reducing atleast one spatial component of said interference; and manipulating aderivative of said received signals so as to cause said at least onedata transmission to be more concentrated in a subset of frequency bandsin which the spatial nulling device is more effective and to be lessconcentrated in frequency bands which do not belong to said subset offrequency bands.
 24. A method according to claim 23 further comprising:providing a scheduler which is operative, for each individual time framealong a temporal axis, to allocate to said at least one datatransmission, at least one respective portion of a time-frequency regiondefined over said individual time frame; and adapting said spatialnulling device to said interference, the adapting comprising: using thescheduler to reserve at least one empty sub-region within saidtime-frequency region by allocating only at least one portion externalto said sub-region to said at least one data transmission, rather thanallocating any portion disposed internally of said sub-region to said atleast one data transmission; and configuring the spatial nulling deviceby deriving, from signal content in the empty sub-region, at least oneinterference-dependent parameter of the spatial nulling device'soperation.
 25. A method according to claim 24 wherein said manipulatingincludes manipulating the received signals to cause thetransmitter-receiver communications to be allocated only to the subsetof frequency bands in which the spatial nulling device satisfies apredetermined effectiveness criterion.
 26. A method according to claim25 wherein said using the scheduler includes using the signalmanipulator to manipulate the received signals so as to prevent thescheduler from allocating said empty sub-region to any of the datatransmissions.
 27. A method according to claim 24 wherein said using thescheduler comprises configuring the scheduler to reserve said at leastone empty sub-region by allocating only said portions external to saidsub-region to each of the data transmissions.
 28. A method according toclaim 24 wherein said using the scheduler comprises: generating arequest to the scheduler for allocation of a sub-region within saidtime-frequency region to an auxiliary transmitter; employing thescheduler to accede to said request by allocating at least oneindividual sub-region to the auxiliary transmitter; and refraining fromtransmitting within the individual sub-region.
 29. A method according toclaim 28 wherein generating a request to the scheduler comprisesgenerating said request by said auxiliary transmitter.
 30. A methodaccording to claim 23 wherein said manipulating includes manipulatingthe received signals to cause the transmitter-receiver communications tobe allocated only to a subset of frequency bands in which the spatialnulling device satisfies a predetermined effectiveness criterion.
 31. Amethod according to claim 23 wherein said manipulating comprises using aprogrammable band limited noise injector device which adds noise to asignal derived from the original signal received by the respectiveindividual antenna of the plurality of antennae such that noise is addedonly to frequency bands outside the subset and not to frequency bandsinside the sub set.